Why the SPACE FORCE Matters!

Camouflage in space!? That's just one of the many questions that are in the mix for the new creation of the Space Force! 

Why do we need a Space Force? Are we going to war with illegal aliens? 

Join Amber and Kendra in this episode as we explore why the Space Force matters! Everything from weapons in space, treaties for the moon, and even how this might impact self-driving cars! 

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Transcript

spk_1:   0:00
This is Episode 28. Why the Space Force matters. Welcome to why blank matters where we explore why small topics have big impacts. I'm your host, Amber Williams, and I'm your host, Kendra Clark Hagan. Dra. Yes. Amber. What was the first animal in space Monkey a cow Because it jumped over the moon. There was no short supply of space jokes or space force jokes, but I didn't think some of them were appropriate. I

spk_0:   0:45
mean, one of the biggest space force jokes might be those new uniforms. Oh, uh ah. We now have a new branch of the military. The space for is the first new branch that we've added in 60 years, and it was established on December 20th 2019. It

spk_1:   1:04
came has a

spk_0:   1:05
controversy when it was first announced, because mostly probably because of the way that Trump announced it. But it is actually an idea that's been around for a long time. And I found a one article that was written in 2000 and it was called a separate space force and 80 year old arguments. So this

spk_1:   1:23
is something

spk_0:   1:24
that's been talked about for a long time. He just didn't necessarily do the best way. Choose the best way to present it to the public's like,

spk_1:   1:31
Oh, you know

spk_0:   1:32
what? I had this idea the other day. We should start like a space force. Wouldn't that be cool?

spk_1:   1:37
So it seems like a new topic for the public. But for people in the military and, uh, people that watch this sort of thing, it's been an ongoing debates. It's not new.

spk_0:   1:48
The new space force is going to be established with them, the Department of the Air Force, and it will be led by the chief of space operations, which is the coolest job title I think

spk_1:   1:58
so it's kind of gonna be structured similarly to the Marine Corps to the Navy

spk_0:   2:03
s O separate, but still within it. And on January 14 2020 they swore in their first chief, who is gonna be General John Jay Raman. And

spk_1:   2:13
one of the one of

spk_0:   2:14
the interesting conversations has been like, what

spk_1:   2:16
are they going to

spk_0:   2:16
call the people who are on the space Force?

spk_1:   2:19
Right, cause Army is soldiers, Marines, Air Marines. The Navy is sailors and Air Forces Airman. So what, They're gonna be like, what stations? Well, they haven't decided

spk_0:   2:31
yet, but, um, there was actually a article by Slate, and they were talking about this exact thing that they looked at some polls. And first off, they decide this space man was a nonstarter. Nobody liked that.

spk_1:   2:46
These matters I am for that.

spk_0:   2:50
But some of the more popular ones were Trooper, Sentinel and Guardian. There's air, the three like favorites in the poll. Yeah, but to let one person remember who it was. Point out a good thing that it might be best to avoid man in the title and are, like, current 21st century, Especially as we have more women joining the military.

spk_1:   3:12
I don't know, because to me, you know, being called an airman like that is something more than man like women or woman is more than man. So, like, you could have trash pant, trash, man or repairman. That's still more than man likes. I'm not offended by that sort of thing, but I also, like, have been an airman for over 10 years now.

spk_0:   3:35
Probably. I think sitting was probably my favorite. I think that's kind of sounds like very yeah. You don't like it? No, I

spk_1:   3:42
feel like

spk_0:   3:42
trooper will get made fun of because of like space, although, like space movies like space troopers and, well, you can't won't be taken seriously, but but they should. But more likely they'll get the people. The new members of this branch will give the opportunity to decide what their own name is. Just as the Air Force was allowed to choose their name when they branched off from the army, was it? Yes, yeah, and a little bit about what their purpose is like in a general sense. They're gonna organize and equip their members and build and launch and operate satellites and other capabilities to support US government activities on Earth, but also to prepare to operate those satellites. If a future conflict conflict eventually extends into battle spaces in space, they have a website in a Twitter and Facebook like you could go check out all of their stuff. They're already doing recruitment, even though the majority of their initial forces are pulled from mostly the Air Force but also some of the other branches of the military. But on their website, they're like slogan. I guess I don't have a slogan, but I thought it was cool. It says, Maybe your purpose on this planet isn't on this planet who I like that I did, too. But But when, Uh, Trump announced the Space Corps, for one thing, he said, he is not enough to merely have an American presence in space. We must have an American dominance in space, and that ideology has been going from basically the beginning of when space capabilities really began

spk_1:   5:12
and even air capabilities. And that's part of why the Air Force broke off from the Army is just that it wasn't really made a priority, like the Army was so focused on land missions, it was really hard for them as a culture to think about missions with the air. But if you have aired dominance, you can protect your people on the ground. And if you have space dominance, you can protect your people in the air. And then there's one

spk_0:   5:38
of the arguments that they've put forth for. Having a separate space force is the idea that they said when the Air Force branched off, they said that they could not be free as long as they were attached to the land into the space forces say that they can't be free until they're free from the air

spk_1:   5:54
and the Army and the Air Force. I mean, they have a lot of similarities, and obviously they have to work very closely together. But the culture is so different between the two things like the Army has battalions. Air Force doesn't really have that. We have, like, match com's and wings and squadrons and groups so that the whole like naming structure that language. It's very different that will probably also be the case with Space Force. To some extent, like even then with the Navy and the Marine Corps, the ranks that are all different, like the Navy. I don't even know their ranks. E try But, uh, the branch that is

spk_0:   6:32
the most different. But when we look at, like, our history with space, the considered the space race really erupted in 1957 when Russia watched. But Nick, um, which was a satellite and everybody can have been working towards this technology is just Russia was the first in the 19 sixties. I mean, the space race was on like everybody was tryingto, you know, we're trying to get satellites into space. We're trying to get to the moon. We look at that strictly as a tool for exploration. But even as NASA was launching all of they're tools into space, the Air Force was already starting to develop their own space program.

spk_1:   7:14
So there's been a lot of commentary about, Um oh, we don't want to militarize space. But space was militarized from the beginning, and the Air Force, the Army and the Navy were all rushing to put satellites in space before NASA was even created. Even

spk_0:   7:31
in a surly is 1963 they launched what was called the man orbiting laboratory, and it was announced to be a platform to show the utility of putting people into space for military purposes. The program was canceled in 1969 because they realized that unmanned satellites could achieve the same objectives Maur objectively so they never had astronauts actually launched into space for the program, and the Soviet Union was very similar. They also had a similar program. They started and then can't sort of for the same reasons that why put people in space when you can be more efficient and effective with out the actual people so and even Anne. The 19 sixties and seventies there was a program called Corona, and this was wasn't even declassified until 1995 but it was a series of photo reconnaissance satellites that were operated by the C I A. And they were using that surveillance against or they were basically doing surveillance against the USSR, China and other nations, and some of the actual photos from their satellites were even declassified in 2002. So from the very beginning, we've been using space and satellites as a way to monitor everybody else. Um um, for military purposes and even when they talk about the militarization of space, one of the biggest things they look at our like any satellite weaponry. And we've been testing that kind of weaponry since the 19 fifties in 1962. And this is crazy. We even tested a nuclear bomb in space. Um, there was eventually treaties that would ban this from happening. Um, but I mean, from the very get go, we've been like, How can we make this military?

spk_1:   9:22
That's not new. It's not

spk_0:   9:24
new. No, it's been around for a long time.

spk_1:   9:27
The perception is it's all been NASA. But because a lot of the

spk_0:   9:30
stuff was it up wasn't made known until much, much later. I said, Uh, Corona was declassified 1995 which is 2030 years later. People didn't also whether we didn't have the same, but we didn't have the same access to information then that we do now. I feel like things were more easily. I'm sure there's plenty of things the military does that we have no idea. Um, but I feel like we know a little bit more than we probably would have back in those times. Justcause informations more easily available, and then we can see that our space operations are militarizing. Our space operations really became more formal in 1982 when we, the United States Air Force, established the Space Command.

spk_1:   10:11
Yes, so Space Command was activated in 1982. It's located at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado. It provides military focus space capabilities with global perspective with the joint war fighting team, and it's comprised approximately 26,000 people worldwide. And so some of

spk_0:   10:31
the things that they've kind of, especially during the Cold War, they looked at launch operations, satellite control, space surveillance, um, as well as missile warnings. And today they dio some of those similar things. But they also do, uh, deeply do like GPS. And, um, mostly much. The rest of it's the same, but, um,

spk_1:   10:55
so So one caveat to this is that, um, it's been a long debate about the space Force. And previously, Space Command oversaw one space operations, but also cyber operations. And those are two very large areas of where war is going in the future. Because it's going to be a matter of time before all of our wars are fought economic. Well, maybe not Oliver. Worse. But the biggest way that they could do damages to our economy and those air one through cyber and hacking and those initiatives from foreign countries. And also, um, just anyone who decides to be an enemy, Um, but also with space operations. So in 2018 all cyber operations were were. The Space Command was relieved of cyber operations and that went to Air Combat Command. So that kind of broke up their focus a little bit, and a lot of them just focus a little bit more on space In December of 2019. The space Force

spk_0:   12:02
was created by Donald Trump myspace dot com. They had an original article in the end up updating it in 2019 because more information come out. But they even have what's considered a space plane. It's the X 37 b and for a long time was like a lot of people kind of knew it existed. But it was like, super like secret hush hush, and people were trying to what was going on. But ah, but actually landed, um, in 2019 Classified and Oracle orbital test vehicle mission. Um and so they're also, you know, just expanding some of the spacecraft technology that is exist. Um, you know, looking at all the things in the history that it had done to militarize space, there have been efforts to kind of control some of that militarization and particularly weaponization. So the United Nations actually has an office of Outer Space affairs, which is super cool. And there's a whole branch of wall called space LOL, which makes you want to go to law school. Um, but the first real outcome of that was in 1967 which was the outer space treaty and it referred to outer space as a province for all mankind. And they said that the exploration of use of outer space had to be carried out for the benefit in the interest of all countries. And they said that it would be free for exploration and used for all states and was not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty. So you can't, like, claim that space is yours. Um, and this would be further extended thio, um, the moon, specifically, the moon even has its own treaty. OK, um, saying that nobody can claim the moon as their own pretty much. But while this treaty covers a broad range of issues related exploration, it doesn't really explicitly prohibit the militarization of space. It does prohibit or weapons of mass destruction. So nuclear

spk_1:   14:13
weapons. But that's really the only

spk_0:   14:15
mention of any kind of militarization or weaponization. So because it's kind of vague, people of kind of worked around. Um, you know, there are five treaties total that cover outer space. One is just about rescue. So if either people or materials get strained and howto handle that, there's the liability convention, which basically says that like if something goes wrong with one of your like satellites or things and it affects other other people's stuff, for the space is a hole, you are personally, your country's personally liable. And I said then you all said the moon agreement. But then there's also, um, But there are also what they call five declarations, which are like legal principles. And the difference between a treaty and a declaration is a treaty is a binding agreement where a declaration is an agreed upon set of principles, but they're not necessarily legally binding. And some of those principles have been just further expanding definitions, um, limiting the scanning of Earth for information or surveillance, which, as we talked about before, nobody's really following. It also limited wth e amount of or put limits to minimize the amount of radioactive material and space. So if you have some piece of equipment that could be powered in a way other than nuclear power, then that's what you need to do. But if that's the only option that they will let you, but they wanna have other options instead.

spk_1:   15:51
So with all these treaties and with the moon, how does this play into the fact that China landed on the far side of the moon, and there's theories that they want to weaponize the moon. So how does how does China use space? China has an

spk_0:   16:07
entire like space program is a big part of like their plans for how they want their economy to grew. So you have, um, So in 2013 the Chinese president show, Jing Ping said, that China will take bigger steps in space exploration in pursuit of its space dream that they see as essential to making China stronger. Um, and in 2007 there was a big ordeal that really upset most of the international community, rightfully so. So in 2007 China had an old aging satellite. There's just like a weather satellite, and they sent a ballistic missile up to destroy it because it wasn't working anymore. And it was really seen as them conducting a show of force, being like, Hey, look what we can dio on And I think that one was only like, 5000 kilometres above Earth, which is like pretty low. We have some satellites within that range. We try to put the more non essential ones there because we know that it is more likely to be targeted as it is so low. Ray, um, and the BBC actually stated that there were some arm control experts who described it as the beginning of the new arms race in space. Interesting. So because one the fact they had this capability, which I'm sure other countries to do too. And they're just not showing.

spk_1:   17:35
Oh, I'm kind of curious. Like what was going on in world events, like was in a show of force. Like what? What was happening in that point in time? I don't I don't know.

spk_0:   17:44
I don't know exactly what else is going on, but one of the biggest was concerned was they

spk_1:   17:48
didn't let anybody else know they were

spk_0:   17:50
doing it before they did it. Um, so the lack of transparency was one of the like is one thing, But, hey, we got this problem. We're sending this upto like like letting everybody know, but there's like, Hey,

spk_1:   18:02
look what we could D'oh! Um and I think there's technology that can detect when something is shot launched into space. Um, I believe, but I mean, I would

spk_0:   18:13
imagine all of our like, missile tracking systems like track All that stuff. There's a national defense article called Training the Space Force, and they're talking about how to train people for, like, attack response. And what they said is there's an extremely limited amount of time Thio react if an anti satellite missile was gonna be targeting a U. S base asset. And they said that they know when that happens, but they have to be able to react appropriately. And they said that you have maybe 45 minutes to an hour and 1/2 to deal with the situation. So you know, even though we can see it's being Lee sent off, like, how do we react in a way that is safe and not gonna her anybody or anything, I guess,

spk_1:   19:00
especially when you're talking about the introduction of, like, um, hypersonic technologies and whatnot. So I don't know. Yeah, well. And then and you know,

spk_0:   19:11
some of the concerns people had grew even more in 2013 when China sent one missile that went soaring 30,000 kilometers above Earth, which is getting pretty close to what's called the just nearly in the geo synchronous orbit which is the geosynchronous orbit orbit is where we have most of our satellites. And so, by going 30,000 kilometers above Earth, they're getting really close to that and like, showing what their capabilities are, they weren't targeting anything. They weren't. It was just a test. But, uh, yeah, just show. So they're kind of capable of, you know, six years ago now. So, um, another thing they've talked about. There's an article in the space Review where one of the Chinese scientists talked about how the moon was really important. And basically,

spk_1:   20:03
he didn't say

spk_0:   20:04
whoever could claim the moon first, because that would be against the treaty, the moon treaty, right. But he said the moon could serve as a new in tremendous supplier of energy and resource

spk_1:   20:15
is because he said

spk_0:   20:15
it's so rich in helium three, which is a possible fuel for nuclear fusion. So much so that it could solve Earth energy problems for around 10,000 years, at least.

spk_1:   20:26
And is that part of, like, the helium shortage on earth? Do you like with this helium three? Um, is that kind of what all the hysteria was was with about this last year? um, I feel like

spk_0:   20:40
I don't know if that's the same kind of helium, or

spk_1:   20:43
we really need a chemical engineer on the show. We're gonna put an ad out on Craigslist.

spk_0:   20:51
Dude, I'm guessing since, like it says helium three, that means there's multiple types

spk_1:   20:56
of hell. I think it's like I think it's like so many atoms or something. Yeah, So 2000

spk_0:   21:04
16 Chong China watched the A long one spacecraft, and they said that it is tasked with cleaning up space junk and collecting man made debris in space. Which is important because space junk is actually a pretty, ah, big liability, because if it bumps into other material and cause damage. But there's a lot who believe that the spacecraft, which is equipped with robotic arms, is also a dual use any anti satellite technology system. I don't mean there's no way to know for sure, I guess unless you go check it out. I'm sure somebody in China News, um and that was really just the first in a series of spacecraft they were sending up to deal with that issue. And so I mean, China is really, like, all in on the space thing right now. They really want to, Ah, dominate,

spk_1:   22:01
right? Right. And I think it's a very inexpensive what? You know, I think we've mentioned before how China wants to hurt our economy. They have the document unrestricted warfare. Like if they knock one of our satellites off of alignment or if they attack our satellites. How much of our industry is gonna be affected by that? So it's a very efficient there's no loss of life, potentially directly for them to do a significant amount of damage. And we'll get to that in a little bit later

spk_0:   22:31
because because this article also post about how what the Chinese believe their greatest threat comes from the U. S. And they said that they there are Chinese strategist who believe that this is a great way to help deal with the U. S s over reliance on satellites.

spk_1:   22:50
Right, right. And so you know, one of the things that separates the U. S. Air Force from all of the other military's is is the fact that we have the ability to one refuel all of our aircraft like that separates us significantly because we couldn't keep our planes up in the sky for a significant amount of time. The other part of that is that we have a very strong navy in. Our Navy has its own air force, essentially because they have more planes in the Air Force. Ah, or at least that used to be the case, Um, so when it comes to having a global advantage, the United States is definitely there with bases all around the world. So why not put their efforts into space? You know, it makes sense, I think, for them to focus on space, considering we have such an advantage

spk_0:   23:37
around the globe because we do utilize satellites for so much. Um, historical says there are some Chinese analysts that says this is a quota, says the U. S. Military relies upon space for 70 to 80% of its intelligence and 80% of his communications. Oh, that's insightful. So, um, whether it's accurate or not, that's what they're analyst have gotten from the data they have. And so if you can take out that communication and that surveillance like that's, that's pretty significant. Um, I mean, satellites were super important. Do and when we talk about satellites is not just military satellites that there are a lot of companies that also utilize them and have their own private. So we use satellites for all sorts of things. We use it for GPS. We use it for TV broadcasting to track

spk_1:   24:28
wildfires, forests, logging, which you can listen about in our episode about national parks. We even use

spk_0:   24:35
them to tell the weather. So like figure out what weather is going on in the world.

spk_1:   24:40
So the U. S has approximately, like 930 satellites in orbit right now. So the U. S has approximately 930 satellites in space right now, according to Newt Newt Gingrich's book Trumpers China. All of the information I found online was from 2018 so I think that's a little bit newer. But there's roughly 2000 satellites in space, and some of them or met some of them do not. But do you think about the fact that the International space station orbits the earth roughly 15 times a day? That could just kind of blows my mind like how many things there are in space and like how fast they're moving. And so, um, in 2009 there was a collision, I think, between the U. S. Satellite and a Russian satellite and they were going roughly 26,000 miles per hour In 2018 China surpassed the U. S. For how many satellites were launched into space. So they launched somewhere between 34 to 39 satellites, whereas the U. S only watched 32 34. So they're definitely stepping up their game. Yeah, And just like

spk_0:   25:53
all technology there, there are some who say that our laws haven't really kept up with technology, Right? So all satellites that are sent up have to be approved by the FCC, and that process kind of takes a while. There's, like, certain parameters that they have to meet, and they have to prove that, um, if it stops working, it's not gonna cause damage to other satellites. And it's a very long process. And so, and as you know, with a lot of technology, you develop something this year and by next year you've got a bigger, better version. But we're moving very slowly on this article said that space take has outpaced space wall and we're at risk of killing innovation. And you see a lot of this with some of the things have been done by space sex and how they're always just constantly. It's like breaking new barriers. I think they have their first manned mission sometime this year. Okay, so there's a lot of potential for companies, too, Really take advantage of this, and particularly with the new space force that opens up new opportunities for organizations to get involved in a military level as well.

spk_1:   27:10
I'm really curious if that goal was established by Elon Musk or if it was established in place else because I read his biography a few years ago and he is notorious for setting goals he can't keep, which is admirable but also a little bit scary. Um, no offensive. You're listening Elon Musk. Um, but Stanley

spk_0:   27:37
Morgan, which is an investment bank. They claim that the space force could create a $1 trillion space economy. They've identified at least 20 stocks already for this use based economy, and they're currently monitoring roughly 100. Other private companies

spk_1:   27:52
want to know what these stocks are so I can invest.

spk_0:   27:54
Three of them they listed were Lockheed Martin, Google, Boeing. Okay, what the other ones are, but they This is like in there. Memo. Basically they sent out to all their investors like, Hey, this is what's going on. This is gonna be big, Like this is who you should be keeping an eye on on. Uh, there

spk_1:   28:17
is a

spk_0:   28:17
huge I mean, I think wouldn't Amber not trouble early as well? The military industrial complex, Israel. Um I mean, you know, obviously, cos our contract out to help develop things for the military, so obviously the space force would plate be part of that as well. Um, and even in some of the statements that have been made So in 2006 they release tthe e president was like their new authorized new national space policy. And they talked about how our national security is really critically dependent upon space capabilities and that dependence is only gonna grow. And they said that it was absolutely imperative to protect their interests in space as well as their economic interests. They're also looking at this is like something that is part of our economic interests and not just national security,

spk_1:   29:10
Right? So it hasn't gone without controversy. People feel very strongly about the space force, and there's a lot of jokes that come with the space Force and rightfully so. I wonder if, like people were so skeptical about the Air Force to when it was introduced, But the Air Force was also introduced with a few other agencies, like the CIA. And what year was the Air Force introduced? 1947? Yes, I imagine

spk_0:   29:35
so because, like now people fly in planes all the time. I imagine 1947 the average person had not on a plane. And so I think there's always gonna be skepticism of anything that's unknown. And you and chain

spk_1:   29:49
also like during World War Two, the Air Force had a chance to prove itself like it. It showed that there was there was a demand in a need for Air Force because a lot of those air missions, I mean, I mean, we couldn't have won without our air power. So it hasn't gone without controversy on, and there's definitely some big names against it, some of which include John Kelly, an astronaut,

spk_0:   30:17
that you have the former defense secretary, James Mattis, Um, the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Adam Smith, A cz well as the former Air Force secretary, Heather Wilson.

spk_1:   30:28
And all of them, like most honestly, most of their

spk_0:   30:30
complaints were arguments against. It was the fact that it would create unnecessary bureaucracy there, like we already have all these different chains of command. This is going to get more complex. Is gonna add more boxes. We have to check, I think. Is it General Mattis?

spk_1:   30:47
Yeah. He was a general in the new secretary. Mattis?

spk_0:   30:49
Yes, the secretary. Mattis. Well, he said adding organizational layers at a time when we're focused on reducing overhead and integrating joint war fighting systems, Um, it doesn't really make sense. Um, and so really, that's most of the art. Just because nobody likes bureaucracy, I don't One of the articles I was reading that was actually one of things Trump was talking about with his people was they were, like, figure out how to promote it after the as it became or riel on there. Like, how can we make sure this isn't costing a ton? And how we do this worse? Least bureaucratic. It's possible, I guess. Um, but despite all the arguments, it is here. Yeah, and I think one of the other things the space Force is gonna be helping with is I think you said maybe five g.

spk_1:   31:44
Well, yes. So when we think about a potential war with China and what that could look like, um, you know, I mentioned that Also would have to do is knock out our satellites or knock out our power grid, and they can do significant damage to our economy, our overall safety. So when we think about where the world is going, or at least the United States were on a track where the number one job is gonna be replaced and that is drivers are gonna be eliminated at some point by self driving cars. And that's both for uber and for the truck driving in industry. So when we think about what it looks like to power something like that, five G is really significant. And, you know, I don't know if a lot of people really realize the differences between four G and five G now for G allows approximately 10,000 devices to connect to, um to cellar cell towers and whatnot, and they can get data like very fast data from that, and then you'll notice like if you're in a crowded stadium like your date is gonna be going slower because cell towers are on Lee made to really power 10,000 not power, but communicate with 10,000 devices. Five G, on the other hand, will be able to communicate with 3000 devices in a square mile. And the majority of this devices are not gonna be people. It's gonna be devices that can communicate completely on their own. And so when we think about what that looks like for national security and the future of potential attacks, the Space Force's could play a very significant role in that because if if an automated truck doesn't have GPS data, that's gonna be critical to the safety of the surrounding people. And so UM, s O Pence Pence was quoted by saying, President Trump has made it clear that the race to five G is a race America will win. Well, we're kind of behind the power curve because other countries already have five G, and that's also a means that China can spy on our allies because they want to help. They want to help implement five g in front of the world well That's a really great way to spy on either us or our adversaries because anything can communicate with five G pretty much. I think there's initiatives to block China from helping with our five G. But the big concern is that China would help our allies. Our enemies, like even Brazil, wants China to help them implement five G. And so you think about what could communicate with that and what information is going back and forth. Because now, more than ever, you know, are our information from our cell phones. And all of this data can be weaponized against us or in ways that I can't even fully understand yet. But I know that that's the track that we're going down. It actually had an

spk_0:   35:02
episode of Madam Secretary, where that was like, kind of it wasn't for five G, but they were, um mm episode. She goes to a country in Africa here. Which one, though, and this is really helping them, like get there like network set ups. They could have, like better wireless access in the end, like China, like sneak attacks and gets there before they do. It offers him a better deal on and on like they shall I keep meeting them to the punch of everything because they're wanting to, like, help them develop their capabilities. So So I think it's I think everything from what we've read is that I don't know that war in space is coming because, like, if it is, it's not gonna be like Star Wars or Star Trek, where you have, like, buzz like, um, but Theresa Hitchens if she had an article called Weapons in Space, Silver Bullet or Russian Roulette. And she said, Unlike in Star Trek, the Final Frontier has yet to become a battlefield. But if the current can trans continue, that will change not in the distant future or science fiction, but within the next several decades and in what we've seen is that this is the direction we're going. And so if the Space force helps us best prepare for that, then, um, hopefully they're successful. Um, because even the U. S F. Air Force has There's a book, a document that was released in 2000. Ah, I should've released in 1997. I'm sorry. Um, it's called Vision for 2020. And even then they were talking about basically being prepared for war fighting in space. And so that's all we're doing is really setting up for that at this point. Or who knows, maybe it'll be because, I mean, I'm kind of in the Cold War, even the Cold War's. They started to militarize space. You know, the idea of, like, mutual destruction, you know, kind of kept everybody in line. Um, but at what point does that? Why get girls right? Um and so I guess we would have what? To see how it plays out.

spk_1:   37:16
That concludes today's episode. You can find us on Facebook at my blank matters and instagram and Twitter at Why underscore Underscore matters and we'll see you next week, CIA.